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2013 Mayflower oil spill
The 2013 Mayflower oil spill occurred on March 29, 2013, when an ExxonMobil pipeline carrying Canadian Wabasca heavy crude from the Athabasca oil sands ruptured in Mayflower, Arkansas, about 25 miles northwest of Little Rock. Approximately of oil mixed with water had been recovered by March 31. Twenty-two homes were evacuated.〔Kristen Hays and Matthew Robinson (March 31, 2013) (Exxon cleans up Arkansas oil spill; Keystone plan assailed ). ''Reuters''. Retrieved on: 2013-04-07.〕 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified the leak as a ''major spill''.〔Michael Schwirtz (March 30, 2013). (Oil Pipeline Ruptures in Arkansas ). ''New York Times''. Retrieved on: 2013-04-07.〕 A reported 5,000−7,000 barrels of crude were spilled.〔United Press International (April 10, 2013). (Exxon faces deadline for oil spill ). UPI.com Retrieved on: 2013-04-13.〕
Exxon's Pegasus pipeline carries of crude a distance of 850 miles (1368 km) from Patoka, Illinois to Nederland, Texas. The pipeline is twenty inches in diameter and is buried an average of twenty-four inches below ground.〔Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (March 30, 2013). (Mayflower oil Spill Response: Key facts ). Retrieved on: 2013-04-13.〕 On April 2, 2013, PHMSA, the federal pipeline regulator, issued a corrective action order until repairs have been completed and all safety concerns addressed.〔Nuss, J. (April 2, 2013). (Arkansas Oil Spill Investigation: State Attorney General To Look Into ExxonMobil Pipeline Rupture ). ''Huffington Post''. Retrieved on: 2013-05-06.〕
==Substance spilled==
There has been some controversy over the exact nature of the substance spilled in Mayflower. On April 5, the Environmental Protection Agency sent a request for more information about Wabasca Heavy—the oil that spilled on the Pegasus line on March 29. The EPA's question was: "Can the oil accurately be described as oil sands oil, or a type of diluted bitumen (dilbit)?" In his response on April 10, Richard Byrne, Exxon's assistant chief attorney of environmental and safety law stated: "Canadian producers report their production of Wabasca Heavy as bitumen."〔Gallucci, Maria (April 18, 2013). (Dilbit or Not? Wabasca Crude Is the Question ). InsideClimate News. Retrieved on: 2013-06-05.〕 This contradicts statements by company officials that the substance spilled was simply "heavy oil," not oil sands bitumen. However, the Material Safety Data Sheet for the product confirms that the Wabasca Heavy is bitumen mixed with hydrocarbon diluents.〔〔Cenovus Energy Inc. (April 10, 2013). (Material Safety Data Sheet - Heavy Crude Oil/Diluent Mix ). Retrieved on: 2013-06-05.〕
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